LI  E>  R.AR.Y 

OF  THE 


U  N  1  V  L  K.  5  1  1  Y 
Of    ILLINOIS 

630.7 
IL6b 

no.  31-  TO 

Agric  . 

CIRCULATING 


CHECK  FOR  UNBOUND 
0?RCUUTING  COPY 


.CIRCULATING 


CHECK  FOR  UNBOUND 
CIRCULATING  COPY, 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS, 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station 

URBANA,  MARCH,   1896. 


BULLETIN  NO.  41. 


CONTENTS. 


EXPERIMENTS  WITH  WHEAT,  1888-95. 
EXPERIMENTS  WITH  OATS,  1888-95. 


EXPERIMENTS  WITH  WHEAT  1888-1895. 

Experiments  with  wheat  conducted  at  this  Station  and  herein 
reported  are  comprised  under  the  following  numbers  and  titles  : 

No.  53.     Effect  of  Time  and  Manner  of  Harvesting. 

No.  65.     Quantity  of  Seed  per  Acre. 

No.  66.     Time  of  Sowing. 

No.  69.     Effect  of  Fertilizers  in  Southern  Illinois. 

No.  116.     Test  of  Varieties. 

The  present  bulletin  reports  not  only  the  results  of  experi- 
ments of  1894-95  but  brings  together  what  seem  to  be  the  teach- 
ings of  previous  experiments  at  this  Station.  On  the  next  page- 
is  given  a  table  of  temperatures  and  rainfall  from  January  1889  to 
December  1895,  inclusive,  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  desire  to 
consider  the  effect  of  meteorological  conditions  upon  the  experi- 
ments reported. 

Experiment  No.  jj.     Effect  of  Time  and  Manner  of  Harvesting. 

This  experiment  was  conducted  for  four  years.  Of  each  cut- 
ting some  20  Ibs.  of  fresh  material  was  dried  in  the  sun  ;  the  same 
amount  was  dried  in  the  shade,  in  imitation  of  binding  and  shock- 
ing; and  from  an  equal  amount  the  heads  were  removed  and  dried 

in  the  shade. 

M7 


HULLKTIX    NO.    41. 

MKTEORO LOGICAL  RKCORDS,   1889-1895. 
TEMPERATURE,  DEGREES,  FAHRENHEIT. 


[March, 


1889 
1890 

1891 
1892 

1893 

1894 
1895 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max.  Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

29.28 

33-5 
30  .  26 
19.2 
14.8 
29.4 
19-5 

57 
66 

57 
57 
48 

64 

57 

-2 

-5- 
6 

-15 

* 

-21 

-8 

23.36 
34.66 
30-45 
33 
25.8 
24.7 
17.9 

53 
68 
61 

55 
5i 
58 
65 

-7-5 

-1 

-5 
-20.5 

39  92 
33-35 
32.55 
36.1 
37-8 
43-5 
35-9 

72 
61 

65 
69 
76 

77 

84 

18 

2 
-1 

* 

* 

10 

7 

51-9 
52.32 
52.78 
48  6 
49-3 
Si-4 
52-3 

75 
81 
81 
7o-5 

75 
85 

88 

25 
29 

22 
26 

3<> 
25 
27 

Whole  period  .  . 

25-13 

66 

*-2I 

27.12 

68 

*-20  .  5 

37-oi 

84 

'-I* 

51.22 

88 

22 

1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 

'893 
1894 
1895 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

59-2 
58.27 
58.4 
57-9 
57-4 
59-6 
59-4 

91 

8? 
9i 
82 
84 
89 
95 

28 
33 
30 
36 
37 
32 
28 

65-5 
74-56 
71.9 
70.6 
70.5 
73-4 
73-3 

88 
96 
93 
94 
93 
97 
98-5 

40 
47 
49 
5i 
53 
34 
42 

72-7 
73-02 

7O.  12 

73-3 
76.4 

73-8 
7i  3 

9°-5 
97-5 
93 
96.5 
98 
98 
94 

50 
45 
42 
46 

48 
47 
43 

69.2 
68.74 
70.21 
7L5 
71.1 
72.3 
73-2 

89 
96 
99 
94 
96 
99 
97 

29-5 
44-5 
40 

47 
37 
4i 

48 

Whole  period  .  . 

5-7-^3* 

95 

28 

71-39 

98.5 

34 

72.95 

97-5 

42 

70.89 

99 

29-5 

4~F.  6d 

1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 

1893 
1894 

i895 

September.                    October. 

November. 

December. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min.   Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean 

Max. 

Min. 

Mean. 

Max. 

Min. 

61.32 
60.46 
69.2 

63-9 
66.5 

65 

67.7 

87-5 
89 
96 
8? 
97 
94 
94 

32      47.26 
33      52.07 
4i      51-3 
42      S3-6 
3i      53-3 
38      51-9 
32      45-9 

82 
76 
88.5 
88.5 

84 

84 

75 

25 
27 
27 
19 
18 
28 

12 

36.82 
42.62 
35-69 
34-8 
37-3 
35-9 
38.2 

62 
68 

67 
64 

75 
6? 
73 

4 

21 

2 

7 
6 

12 

4 

42.71 
30.91 

37 
27.7 

30 
32-9 
3i-i 

66 
58 
60 
60 
63 
59 
59 

15 
8 
ii 

-7 
-6 

-4 

Whole  period  .  . 

64.86 

97 

31      50.76      88.5 

12 

37-33 

75 

4 

33-19 

66 

-7 

RAINFALL,  INCHES. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Year. 

1889 

1.48 

2.08 

1.61 

.61 

5-52 

6.81 

5-8i 

.60 

2.74 

1.42 

4-38 

1.82 

34-88 

1890 

5.26 

1.87 

2.70 

4.11 

3-56 

3.80 

2.83 

i  .93 

1.19 

2-35 

1.63 

-05 

31.28 

j8gi 

•99 

2.60 

3-55 

3-54 

.89 

2    08 

1.41 

2.86 

.41 

i  .29 

5-58 

i-53 

26.73 

1892 

•79 

2.64 

2-59 

6.45 

7.86 

5.36 

2    50 

2-45 

•93 

93 

4-95 

1.62 

39-05 

1893 

1.05 

4-48 

3-20 

7.68 

4-83 

1-55 

•59 

.06 

3.62 

1.14 

2.98 

1.09 

32-37 

1894 

i-95 

i  .32 

2.41 

1.86 

3-32 

1.78 

1.  08 

2.06 

4.21 

•  5i 

2.77 

1.44 

24-72 

1895 

1.36 

•  52 

.70 

2.42 

2.  2O 

2.24 

3-6i 

1.81 

5-27 

.21 

3-07 

5-71 

29.12 

Ave.  . 

i.N* 

2.21 

2-39'   3-Si 

4-02 

3-37 

2-54 

1.68 

2.62 

I.  12 

3.62 

1.89 

31.16 

cc-iinl  inCoraplX^.  jr-2/ 


i896.J 


EXPERIMENTS    WITH    WHEAT,    1894-5. 


149 


TABLE  i.  COMPARATIVE  WEIGHTS  OF  GRAIN  FROM  AN  KQUAL  NUMBKR  OF  HI.AUS 
(lOO  to  200)  CUT  AT  DIFFERENT  STAGES  OF  MATURITY,  AND  CURED  IN  THREE 
WAYS:  FIRST  BY  COMPLETE  SEPARATION  OF  HEAD  FROM  STRAW;  SECOND,  BY 
CURING  IN  THE  SHADE  ATTACHED  TO  THE  STRAW;  THIRD,  BY  DRYING  IN  THE 
SUN,  ALSO  ATTACHED  TO  THE  STRAW.  THE  HEAVIEST  WEIGHT  IN  EACH  SKPA- 
KATE  YEAR  is  TAKEN  AS  THE  BASIS,  AND  ALL  OTHER  WEIGHTS  ARE  EXPRESSED 
IN  PERCENTAGES. 


Date  of  cutting. 

Condition  of  grain, 
when  cut. 

Heads 
removed. 

Dried  in 
shade. 

Dried  in 
sun. 

1888 
June  IQ.  . 

IQ 

Vt 

-1C 

"26            .... 

cr 

60 

67 

lulv    1 

oo 

81 

72 

"     IO         

Ripening  

M 

ne 

QC 

-    i?  '-. 

Hard  and  dry  

IOO 

97 

92 

1889 
June  ii        .                      ... 

Undeveloped  and  watery  .  . 

12 

21 

I** 

"      18  

IS 

58 

4*1 

25  

In  dough  

74 

76 

7O 

Tulv    2   . 

Ripening  

98 

on 

Q4 

"     9  

Mostly  ripe  

IOO 

96 

*83 

1891 
June  18       .... 

In  milk  

6-} 

6l   q 

6s 

"      25  

In  dough  

qi.  1 

IOO 

GO.  7 

"      29  

Fully  ripe  

95-6 

97-5 

97-8 

1892 
June  20  .  . 

In  milk  

57.6 

68.2 

55-4 

Tulv   4-  • 

In  dough  

72.4. 

70.4 

47-8 

"    13   . 

Fully  ripe     .    .  . 

QQ.6 

IOO 

87.7 

*Injured  by  mice  and  birds. 

TABLE  2.     AVERAGE  COMPARATIVE  WEIGHT   OF  GRAIN  FOR    FIVE  STAGES  OF  MA- 
TURITY,   AND  UNDER  THREE  METHODS  OF  TREATMENT.      COMPILED  FROM  TABLE  I. 


Condition  of  grain. 

Heads 
removed. 

Dried  in 
shade. 

Dried  in 
sun.    • 

1C.  C. 

<o 

24 

1  n  milk  

51.6 

63 

57.6 

82.4 

81  .q 

72.  ^ 

qe.  c 

Q7 

04.  s 

Fully  ripe       ..        

98.8 

07  .6 

*QO.  1 

*The  one  injured  by  mice  and  birds  not  included. 

The  increase  of  dry  matter  from  the  earliest  stage  until  maturity 
is  noticeable.  The  average  increase  in  dry  matter  from  the  milk 
stage  to  full  maturity  was  over  47  per  cent,  when  the  heads  were 
removed,  and  over  34  per  cent,  when  they  were  left  upon  the  straw 
and  dried  in  the  shade.  The  increase  in  dry  matter  after  the  grain 
was  in  the  dough  was  over  16  per  cent,  under  the  first  treatment 
and  nearly  as  much  when  it  was  dried  in  the  usual  way,  indicating 
a  gradual  increase  in  dry  matter  up  to  the  period  of  full  maturity. 
(See  Table  2.) 


150  iu  LLETIN  NO.  41.  [March, 

One  of  the  questions  raised  in  this  experiment  relates  to  the 
extent  of  the  formation  of  dry  matter  in  the  kernel  after  cutting. 
It  will  be  noticed  that  in  every  case  either  in  the  watery  or  the 
milk  stage  the  weights  were  greater  when  the  heads  were  dried 
upon  the  straw  than  when  they  were  removed  and  dried  separately. 
The  average  difference  was  6  per  cent,  with  drying  in  the  sun,  and 
over  II  per  cent,  with  drying  in  the  shade.  After  the  dough  stage 
the  facts  are  not  so  evident.  At  the  dough  stage  and  after,  if  any 
advantage  is  had  from  curing  on  the  straw,  it  is  not  shown  clearly 
by  the  figures,  although  curing  in  the  shade  seems  decidedly 
preferable  to  curing  in  the  sun.  From  the  fact  that  the  weights  of 
grain  when  dried  in  the  shade  are  in  nearly  every  case  higher  than 
when  dried  in  the  sun,  and  average  decidedly  higher,  there  is  some 
reason  to  believe  that  the  formation  of  dry  matter  may  continue 
after  cutting,  if  the  plant  be  protected  from  sudden  drying  in  the 
sun. 

The  apparent  loss  in  dry  matter  in  both  the  second  and  third 
columns  of  1891,  between  the  dough  stage  and  full  ripening,  is  con- 
fusing, particularly  so  because  the  first  column  indicates  an  increase. 
That  there  should  be  in  any  case  a  transference  from  grain  back  to 
straw  as  here  indicated  would  seem  impossible. 

Upon  the  question  of  transference  of  material  and  accumula- 
tion of  dry  matter  in  the  grain  after  cutting,  as  well  as  upon  the 
relative  capacity  of  slowly  cured  and  rapidly  dried  grain  for  atmos- 
pheric moisture,  more  work  will  be  done  by  the  Station  before 
hazarding  definite  statements. 

Experiment  No.  65.     Quantity  of  Seed  Per  Acre. 

Since  1888  the  Station  has  conducted  experiments  on  different 
amounts  of  seed  per  acre.  The  attempt  has  been  made  to  secure 
a  seeding  of  an  exact  number  of  pecks,  from  3  to  9,  inclusive.  It 
being  impossible  to  sow  accurately  a  definite  amount,  the  drill  was 
set  as  nearly  as  possible  for  the  desired  seeding  and  the  exact 
weight  of  seed  sown  recorded  as  in  the  following  table. 

In  attempting  to  determine  from  these  experiments  the  most 
favorable  amount  of  seed  we  are  confronted  by  confusing  data. 
For  the  six  years  of  the  experiment  five  pecks  was  the  only  seed- 
ing that  secured  the  greatest  yield  more  than  once,  and  of  the 
seven  rates  of  seeding  all  the  others  were  once  successful,  except- 
ing the  seven  and  the  nine  pecks.  A  more  confusing  table  could 
not  be  constructed.  The  present  season  the  greatest  yield  was  had 


1896.]  EXPERIMENTS    WITH    WHEAT,    1894-3. 

TABLE  3.     INFLUENCE  OF  VARYING  AMOUNTS  OF  SEED,  1894-1895. 


Plat 
No. 

Lb.  seed  per  acre. 

Wt.  of 
loo  kernels, 
grams. 

Yield  per  acre. 

Lb.  straw 
per  100  Ib. 
grain. 

Lb. 

per  bu. 

Straw,  Ib. 

Grain,  bu. 

I 

62.8 

2.681 

3030 

27-5 

184 

59 

2 

80.5 

2.830 

3370 

26.5 

212 

60 

3 

95-4 

3-429 

3730 

30-5 

2O4 

59 

4 

104.5 

2.863 

3280 

3° 

182 

61 

5 

125.8 

2.949 

4430 

27-5 

268 

61 

6 

141.4 

3-003 

3040 

29-3 

173 

61 

7 

142.2 

3-063 

4100 

31.7                216 

61 

8 

56.6 

3-139 

4080 

33-3               204 

61 

TABLE  4.     INFLUENCE  OF  VARYING  AMOUNTS  OF  SEED,  1888-89  TO  1894-95. 


Yield  per  acre. 


01 

Q. 

3 

1888-89 

1889-90 

i  890-9  i 

1891-92 

1893-94 

1894-95 

Average. 

en 

P 

cr  3 

en 

O 

,o 

en 

O 

en 

0 

en 

O 
2*2 

en 

O"  ~* 

O 
**"  P 
'   S" 

c  £:. 

'      3 

'     S3 

'     B 

p-p 

3 

'      3 

CTp 

'      3 

CTp 

3 

3 
4 
5 
6 

7 
8 

AT. 

2215 
262O 

2740 

22OO 

24.6 

28.2 

26  3 
24-5 

4140 
4400 
4080 
4980 

22 
23.7 
22.2 

28.3 

3515 
4000 

39-2 
44.7 

4980 
3O3O 
3370 
3730 
3280 

4430 

3040 

33.3 

27-5 
26.5 

30.5 
30 
27-5 
29-3 

3488 
3531 
3649 
3770 
3412 

3665 

29.8 
30.8 

*28.4 

31.5 
t32-i 

31-3 

t34-9 

4560 
4700 
4750 

36.2 

38.3 

36.3 

2575 
3357 

3045 

24.7 

29 

25-9 

3915 
3545 
4025 
4290 

43-7 
34-2 
42.2 
40.5 

4540 

35-4 

2740 

28.3 

5100 

26.8 

2670 

27.8 

36.5 

26.4 

24.6 

26.8 

40.7 

29.2 

*Average  too  low  because  it  lacked  the  excellent  year  of  1893-94. 

f  Average  too   ligh  because  only  of  two  years,  one  of  which  was  the  excellent  year  1893-94. 

from  three  pecks.  In  1890,  when  the  greatest  yield  followed  8 
pecks,  its  nearest  competitor  was  the  plat  with  four  pecks,  and  in 
1892,  when  five  pecks  secured  the  greatest  yield,  the  next  greatest 
was  from  8  pecks.  Upon  the  whole  5  pecks  seems  to  be  a  kind  of 
center,  or  mean  between  extremes,  above  or  below  which  the 
gradation  in  yield  is  not  gradual,  and  around  which  the  yields  show 
little,  if  any,  tendency  to  cluster. 

If  we  appeal  to  the  question  of  averages  recorded  in  the  last 
column  of  Table  4  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  third  average 
(28.4)  is  too  low,  because  it  lacked  the  excellent  season  of  1893-94. 
Correspondingly  the  fifth  and  seventh  averages  are  too  high  as 
they  are  of  but  two  seasons,  one  of  which  was  the  remarkable  one 
of  1893-94.  If  reasonable  corrections  be  made,  we  shall  have  a 
column  of  averages  very  nearly  constant.  Moreover,  from  the 
distribution  of  best  yields  we  may  infer  that  it  will  require  a  long 


152 


BULLETIN    NO.    41. 


[March. 


scries  of  years  to  establish  any  one  of  them  in  the  definite  position 
of  the  highest  average. 

Attempting  to  determine  whether  good  or  bad  seasons  are 
influential  in  this  matter  we  meet  only  confusion,  as  will  be  noticed 
by  the  most  casual  study  of  the  yearly  averages  and  the  distribu- 
tion of  best  yields.  Upon  the  whole  these  figures  indicate  that  no 
single  rate  of  seeding  should  be  looked  to  as  the  most  favorable 
but  that  for  amounts  between  5  and  7  pecks,  inclusive,  there  is  no 
choice,  the  habit  of  stooling  being  entirely  competent  to  supply  a 
deficiency  within  this  limit. 

Experiment  No.  66.     Time  of  Sowing. 
TABLE  5.     RESULTS  OF  SEEDING  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES,  1894-95. 


flat 
No. 

Date  when  drilled. 

Date 
when 
ripe. 

Wt.  100 
kernels, 
grams. 

Yield  per  acre. 

Lb. 
per  bu. 

Lb.  Straw 
per  zoo  Ib. 
grain. 

Straw, 
Ib. 

Grain, 
bu. 

i 

2 

3 
5 
6 

7 
8 

September  10  

June  23, 
u     24, 

25, 
23, 
24, 

25, 
'k    26 

3.217 
3-188 
3.089 

3-053 
3.202 

3-133 
3.019 

4540 
4990 
5350 
4930 
54io 
5600 
4070 

32.3 
34-2 

38.8 

36.5 
37-8 
38.3 
37-2 

60 
60 
61 
60 
60.5 
61 
59-5 

234 
243 
230 

225, 
238 
243; 
183 

September  20  .... 
October  i  

September  10  

September  20  

October  i  

October  n  

TABLE  6.     RESULTS  OF  SEEDING  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES,  1888-95. 


Date  of  sowing. 

1889. 

1890. 

l8gi. 

1892. 

1895. 

Average. 

W 

_-  •» 

H 

0 
o"  a 

e  £. 
'   ? 

Cfl 

$9 

O 

g*S. 

•    J3 

O 

S*2. 

'      3 

CA 

p*S 

O 

O*  "• 

SB. 

•    a 

CO 

rS 

O 

C"  ••* 

8  ». 

"      3 

in 

?S 

(T  -i 

SB. 

•      3 

Sept  2 

1 

30-9 
36.  I 

34-5 
36.4 

34  i 

3495 

3238 
2861 
2658 
2003 

29 

28.4 
26.7 
27.2 
21.7 

3495 
3907 

3287 
3772 
2922 

30 
32.8 

32.9 

32.6 

28.2 

Sept.  10-12  

3750 

3170 
2450 
1710 

32.4 
29.1 

20.8 
12.  1 

4735 
5200 
5475 
4070 

34-4 
36 
38.5 

37-2 

Sept.  21-23  
Sept  29—  Oct.  5   

4570 

4505 
3905 

38-2 
40.4 
36.1 

Oct.  8-15  

Average  

38.2 

23-8 

37-2 

26.6 

36.5 

Seeking  light  upon  the  most  favorable  date  for  sowing  another 
curious  mathematical  situation  confronts  us.  Consulting  the  last 
column,  Table  6,  which  is  one  of  average  yields,  we  find  a  slight 
advantage  from  sowing  September  2ist  to  23d,  although  the  sow- 
ing just  before  and  the  one  just  after  are  practically  equal.  Con- 
sulting now  the  different  years,  we  find  the  greatest  yields  to  be 
curiously  distributed,  every  date  up  to  and  including  October  5th 
having  at  some  time  produced  the  highest  yield,  excepting  only 
that  one  which  in  the  end  shows  the  highest  average.  In  other- 
words  for  three  years  out  of  the  five  the  highest  yield  followed  the 
sowing  from  September  29th  to  October  5th,  the  nearest  neigh- 
boring date  in  no  case  being  successful.  The  tendency  is  clearly 
in  favor  of  the  earlier  dates,  the  final  average  being  in  favor  of 


1 896.] 


EXPERIMENTS    WITH    WHEAT,    1894-5. 


153 


a  date  which  in  no  instance  produced  the  highest  yields  is  sig- 
nificant. Another  coincidence  that  seems  to  be  significant  is  that 
the  years  in  which  the  later  sowing  was  most  successful  were  the 
years  of  highest  yields,  that  is  to  say  the  best  seasons.  There 
happens  to  be  a  wide  difference  between  the  yields  of  these  three 
best  seasons,  and  those  of  the  other  two.  This  difference  amounts 
to  over  10  bushels  per  acre.  In  the  poorest  seasons  the  best  yields 
are  had  from  the  earliest  sowing.  From  sowing  after  October  5th 
the  yield  was  good  in  the  best  seasons  although  never  first,  and 
in  only  one  instance  was  it  second  best,  though  its  nearest  neigh- 
bor was  successful  three  years  out  of  five. 

In  most  cases  the  heaviest  yields  of  grain  accompany  the 
heaviest  yields  of  straw,  although  in  the  column  of  averages  it 
does  not  appear  as  a  principle. 

Experiment  No.  69.     Effect  of  Fertilisers  in  Southern  Illinois. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  Station  conducted  fertilizer  experi- 
ments with  wheat  at  various  points  in  southern  Illinois. 

TABLE  7.  INFLUENCE  OK  SUPERPHOSPHATE,  AND  OF  STABLE  MANURE  UPON  THE 
YIELDS  OK  WHEAT  IN  THE  CLAY  SOILS  OF  FLORA  AND  ODIN,  AND  ON  THE  TYPICAL 
WHEAT  LANDS  AT  BELLEVILLE. 


Fertilizer 

Flora. 

Odin. 

Belleville. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

19-3 
14-3 
19-3 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1891. 

1892. 

Stable  Manure  .  . 
Nothing  

15.7 

12.8 

14.8 

25.47 
19.71 

17.83 

10.5 
9.4 
12 

25.47 

19.64 

19.85 

31.7 

14.8 
17.7 

40T7 

36.65 
39.85 

38.5 
30-3 
36-3 

Superphosphate  . 

Comment  upon  this  table  is  unnecessary,  except  to  note  that 
in  but  one  case  was  superphosphate  successful  above  barnyard 
manure  in  securing  a  yield,  although  both  were  always  beneficial. 

Experiment  No.  116.      Test  of  Varieties. 

In  the  season  of  1894-95  seventy-three  plats  of  wheat  were 
sown  to  different  varieties,  the  variations  and  yields  of  which  are 
set  forth  in  the  following  table. 

Previous  reports  have  noted  the  fact  that  some  of  the  varia- 
tions of  yield  are  due  to  other  factors  than  varietal  differences. 
As  a  check  upon  this,  the  variety  known  as  Valley  was  sown  upon 
nine  different  plats,  well  distributed  over  the  area  sown.  It  will 
be  noticed  upon  examination  of  Table  8  that  the  yields  of  this 
variety  varied  from  11.7  bushels  to  24.1  bushels,  an  average  of  19 
bushels,  which  is  remarkably  close  to  the  average  of  all  the  varieties. 
It  is  again  remarkable  that  but  eight  yields  were  above  the  highest 
of  the  Valley,  and  but  three  below  the  lowest  of  the  same  variety, 
and  again  that  of  the  seventy-seven  yields  reported  thirty-seven 
are  above  the  average  and  40  below,  no  one  yield  being  exactly 
the  average. 


154  BULLETIN  NO.  41.  \March, 

TABLE  S.     CHARACTKR  AND  YIELD  OK  DIFFERENT  VAKIKTIES  ^i   WHEAT,  1894-95. 


ta 
7. 

I 

3 
4 

5 
6 

7 
8 

9 

10 

ii 

12 
13 

M 
15 
16 

17 
18 

J9 

20 
21 
22 

23 
24 

25 
26 
27 
28 
29 

3° 
31 
32 

33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
^9 
40 

4i 
42 

43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 

Name  of  Variety. 

'!??. 

g-s 

ffi 

—  .  <T> 
?CR 

Bearded 
or  smooth. 

Color 
of  kernel. 

g-g 

ajc 

era  5  > 
g8  < 

PS* 

crT 

*i 

Yield  per  acre. 

^ 

p*  P 

cr? 
f.  P. 
3' 

T3    f« 

TCJ  «  =r 

Is  '"' 

j-*    O    p 

cr  3 

Early  ripe.          

27 
27 
27 
27 
28 
28 
28 
28 
27 
27 
26 

27 
27 
28 
28 
27 
26 

27 
27 
28 
28 

28 
27 

28 

27 
28 
28 
28 
27 
27 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
28 

27 
28 
28 

23 

28 

23 

29 
28 

27 
28 

27 
27 

30 
27 
28 
29 
27 
27 
28 

32 

34 
3i 
30 
3i 
29 
37 
3i 
33 
36 
30 
30 
29 

3i 
29 

38 
33 
33 
36 
29 
34 
38 
36 
26 
38 
34 
36 
32 
3i 
32 
33 
29 

24 
37 
33 
32 
28 

29 

28 

30 
30 
27 
29 

32 
37 
29 

33 
29 

30 

29 

25 
32 
37 
35 
29 
3i 
38 

B 

s 
s 

B 
B 

B 

B 
B 
B 
B 

S 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
S 
S 
B 
B 
B 
B 
S 
S 

s 
s 

B 

S 

s 

B 
B 

S 

S 

s 

B 

S 

s 

B 
B 
B 

B 
S 
S 
S 
B 
S 
B 
S 
B 
S 
B 
S 
S 
B 
S 
B 

R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
W 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
W 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
W 
R 
R 
W 
R 
W 
R 
R 
R 
R 
R 
W 
W 

W 
R 
R 
R 

W 
B 
B 
W 
W 
B 
W 
W 
W 
B 
B 
B 
W 
W 
B 
B 
W 
B 
B 
W 
W 
W 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
W 
W 
B 
W 
W 
B 
W 
W 
W 
B 
W 
B 
B 
B 
W 
W 
W 
B 
W 
V 
W 
B 
W 
W 
B 
W 
W 
W 
W 
W 

2.891 

2.767 
2.741 

3-044 
3-105 
3-I56 
2.990 
2.900 
2-742 
3-334 
2.662 

3-079 
2-737 
2.506 
3.050 

3-194 
2.886 
3-c6o 

2.842 
2.512 
3.188 

3-4ii 
3.096 
2.899 

2-777 
2.837 
2.684 

3-491 
2.719 
2.508 
3.024 
2-540 
2.699 

2    721 
2.952 
2.9OO 
2-897 
2.476 
2.125 
2.916 
2.901 
2.636 
2.839 

2.907 

3.036 
3-O22 

2.843 
2.762 

3-127 
2.520 
3.058 
2.548 
3-751 
3-055 
2.923 
2.658 
3-7r4 

58 
58.5 
56 
60 
56.5 
56 

57 
57 
56.5 
58.5 
59 
58-5 
60 

57 
57-5 
58-5 
56-5 

57 
58 
57-5 
59 
59 
58 
55 
58.5 
58-5 
58 
59 
57-5 
58-5 
58 
55-5 
55-5 
55-5 
58 
58 
58 
55-5 
52 
55-5 
56.5 
57 
53-5 
55-5 
55-5 
58.5 
58-5 
56.5 
56-5 
58 
58.5 
55-5 
55 
57-5 
58 
57   5 
58.5 

3560 
2610 
2670 
2560 
2370 
1940 
3090 
2300 
2230 
3250 
3280 
2440 
3160 
2775 

2220 
222O 
1605 
1985 
3OIO 
2540 
2410 
2l6o 
2I7O 

1985 
2800 
2630 
1970 
32OO 
20  1C) 
226O 
209O 
1330 
1850 
2370 
1830 
1980 
3150 
1770 
1440 
1690 
I2OO 

1375 
1990 
2o6o 
24OO 
1970 
1790 
2635 
292O 
2250 
I7OO 
2510 
2990 
3080 
2I9O 
I42O 
2I4O 

23-3 
22.5 

2O.  2 
22.6 

21.8 

16.3 

21    8 

20.3 
16.8 
25-1 

22 
24 
29-3 
23-7 
16.3 

23 
14.9 
17.2 
23.1 
I9.6 
22.5 

18.6 
19.1 
18.9 
26.6 
20.  i 
18.5 

22.6 

16.5 
21 
I9.8 

15-8 
15-8 
I9.I 

18.8 
18.3 
23.5 
13-1 

12 
17.2 
10 

lit.  7 

21.5 
17.6 
18.6 
18.5 
18.8 
24.1 
25-3 
18.5 
M-3 

21-5 
12.8 

25.3 

18.8 
12.3 
22.3 

254 
193 

221 

188 
181 
197 
235 
188 

221 

215 
248 
169 
1  80 

194 
227 
1  60 
179 
I9I 

216 

215 
179 

193 

188 
174 
175 
217 
177 

235 
203 

179 
176 
140 

195 
206 
162 
180 
223 
224 
200 
164 
200 
195 
154 
194 
214 

177 
I  S3 
182 
192 
202 
198 

194 

388 
203 

193 
191 
1  60 

Witter  

Saskatchewan  

Tuscan  Island     

Yuba                  

Hybrid  Mediterranean  . 
Valley  

Rudy  

Curnll's  prolific  

Theiss  

Valley                 

Golden  cross   

Sibley's  new  golden  
Lehigh      

Pool                    

Valley     

Fulcaster  

Lebanon       

Tasmanian  red  

Royal  Australian  

Ohio  early  ripe  

Bi<T  English  

Oregon     

Crate       

Hickman  

Extra  early  Oakley  

Democrat  

Miami  Valley  

German  Emperor  

Longberry      

Badger      

Valley                               .  . 

New  Michigan  amber  . 
Ontario  wonder  

Yellow  gypsy  

Dietz  longberry  

Valley 

Early  white  leader  
American  bronze  

Silver  chaff.      

Diehl  Mediterranean  .  .  . 
Wyandot  red  

Valley  

Early  red  Clawson  

Bearded  monarch.       .  .  . 

Martin's  amber  

Roberts  

Jones'  square  head  
Landreth                    .... 

Valley  

Improved  rice  

Kentucky  giant  

1896.] 


KNPKRIMENTS    \YITII    \VHEAT,    1894-5. 
TABLE  8. — CONTINUKD. 


155 


p" 

•s. 

Name  of  Variety. 

"=r  ^ 

3  -C' 
n  n 

B 

>..  n 
?  ofq' 
D- 

Bearded 
or  smooth. 

^ 
ST2. 

l§ 

*•? 
*l 

•3  g  3r 

p  c  . 

3  jf  3 

^  2  r^- 

c-T 

?•* 
n 

". 

Yield  per  acre. 

'S 

•^   P 

crS 

S    g. 

~H  ~ 

°s  ™  ~ 

5'  5  5 

59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
65 
66 
67 
69 
70 
7i 
72 
74 
75 
76 
77 

Velvet  chaff  

27 
30 
28 

27 
26 

27 
30 
28 
29 

29 
29 

27 
29 
28 
28 
29 

28 
26 
26 
30 
38 
32 
32 
30 
29 
38 
28 

34 
32 
32 
33 
32 

B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
S 
S 
B 
S 
S 
S 
S 
.S 

R 
R 
R 
W 
R 
R 
W 
R 
R 
W 
R 
R 
R 
R 
W 
R 

B 
B 
W 
B 
B 
B 
W 
W 
B 
W 
W 
W 
B 
W 
W 
B 

2.479 
3-134 
3-145 
2-977 

2  825 
2.831 

2-547 
2.966 
2.364 

2-445 
2-413 
2-043 
2.761 
2.607 
2.762 
2.492 

53 
55-5 
58 
58 
58.5 
59 
55 
57 
53-5 
52-5 
59-5 
55 
57-5 
61.5 
55-5 
55-5 

203O 
IO5O 
1910 
2410 
3130 
2330 
2670 
228O 
880 

1160 
1720 

2OOO 

2820 

3510 

2100 
2250 

19.5 

6.2 

16.5 
23.2 
27.8 
22.5 

20.2 

18 

5-3 
9-3 
17-3 
18.7 
26.3 
29.5 
15-7 

21.2 

i73 
284 
193 
i?3 
187 
172 

220 
211 
27I 
207 
165 
179 
179 
198 
223 
177 

Hindostan  

Valley  

Gold  coin  

Buckeye  

Rock  velvet  

Johnson  

Valley... 

Miller's  prolific  

Willits  

Reliable  Minnesota  

Mealey    

New  monarch  

Oregon  swamp  

Beal  

Golden  prolific  

Average  .... 

! 

223O 

19.2 

SUMMARY. 

Experiments  with  wheat  conducted  at  this  Station  thus  far 
indicate  : 

That  there  is  a  steady  increase  in  dry  matter  up  to  the  stage 
of  full  maturity  and  that  curing  in  the  shade  has  a  slight  advantage 
over  drying  in  the  sun  (Table  2). 

That  between  five  and  eight  pecks  of  seed  an  acre  there  is 
little  or  no  difference  in  yield  (Table  4). 

That  sowings  from  September  loth  to  October  1st  yield  about 
equally  with  a  slight  tendency  to  favor  September  2Oth.  In  the 
best  seasons  the  later  sowings  give  the  highest  yields  (Table  5). 

That  barnyard  manure  is  of  great  benefit  upon  the  white  clay 
soils  of  southern  Illinois,  and  in  most  instances  notably  better  than 
superphosphate  (Table  7). 

That  the  variations  in  yield  of  a  single  variety  on  separate  but 
neighboring  plats  are  nearly  as  great  as  between  different  varieties 
(Table  8). 

That  trustworthy  determinations  of  yield  are  difficult  to  secure 
and  can  be  had  only  after  a  long  series  of  years,  or  from  duplicate 
plats  upon  land  whose  previous  history  is  known. 

EUGENE  DAVENPORT,  M.  AGR.,  Agriculturist. 
\\.  }.  ERASER,  B.  S. 


156 


BULLETIN    NO.    41. 


\March, 


EXPERIMENTS  WITH  OATS,  1888-95. 

The  Experiments  here  reported  are  : 

No.  12.     Quantity  of  Seed  per  Acre. 

No.  14.     Time  of  Sowing. 

No.  15.     Depth  of  Sowing. 

No.  84.     Test  of  Varieties. 

For  Meteorological  Records,  see  p.  148. 

Experiment  No.  12.     Quantity  of  Seed  per  Acre. 
TABLE  i.   YIELD  OF  STRAW  AND  GRAIN  WITH  WEIGHT  OF  GRAIN  PKK  BUSHKI.  FROM 

DIFFERENT  RATES  OF  SEEDING  OF  OATS,   1888-93. 


Seed 

per  acre, 
bu. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892.     1893. 

Average. 

i 

Straw  per  acre,  pounds. 


i 

3820 

4 

i-5 

4400 

3 

2 

4540 

4 

2-5 

4860 

3 

3 

5220 

4 

3-5 

4400 

4 

4 

4260 

3 

2820 

I2?5 

1742 

2330 

2764 

1740 

1970       1980 

2190 

2680 

1800 

2748 

1832 

2IIO 

2838 

2460 

2638 

1935 

2630 

2920 

1960 

2790 

2IOO 

2580 

3192 

2000 

3060 

1952 

2080 

2932 

2O2O 

3110 

2377 

2395 

2894 

drain  per  acre,    bushels. 


1 

I            52.5 

36-3 

25-3 

36.7 

40.5 

62.2 

42.2 

i-5             59-4 

33-1 

21.6 

56.9 

43-5 

52.8 

44-5 

2                       61.4 

42.5 

17-5 

74-8 

43-3 

54-i 

48.9 

2.5             63.8 

43-8 

29.1 

72.6 

44.5 

62.8 

52.8 

3                 61.9 

47-2 

27-5 

76.6 

44-3 

55-6 

52.2 

3-5             62.5 

52.1             24.7 

79.7 

42.4 

5o 

51-9 

4                 60.6 

50.6             21.9 

76.3 

43-2 

55-8             51-4 

per  Intstiel. 


I 

25.  5 

26 

1 
28.5      25.5      36  5 

28  4 

i  .  5 

2s, 

26.5 

^I          27  .  S        "?8 

7 

2Q  6 

28 

24 

<u  *      28       38  25 

•30 

2.  5 

28 

29 

^2         28         14 

TO  2 

3 

29 

29 

32.5     28       36 

30.9 

•J  .  C 

29.5 

28 

32        28.7      37 

•it 

4 

29.5 

29 

^2       29.2     'n.ys 

JO.  7 

i8g6.J 


EXPERIMENTS    WITH    OATS,    1895. 


157 


It  will  be  noticed  that  in  but  one  season  \vas  the  greatest 
weight  of  straw  accompanied  by  the  highest  yield  of  grain,  and 
that  the  weight  per  bushel  is  largely  independent  of  the  yield  of 
grain.  Contrary  to  the  results  of  similar  experiments  with  wheat 
the  highest  average  52.8  is  opposite  a  seeding  which  itself  secured 
the  greatest  yield  for  four  out  of  the  six  seasons,  and  no  lighter 
seeding  than  this  has  as  yet  given  the  highest  yield.  If  this  means 
anything,  it  means  that  2l/2  bushels  an  acre  is  the  most  favorable 
seeding,  with  a  tendency  favoring  more  rather  than  less. 

Experiment  No.  14.     Time  of  Sowing. 
TABLE  2.     YiKL'D  OF  OATS  IN  GRAIN  AND  STRAW  FROM  SOWING  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES. 


a 

P 

K 

o 
•»> 

Gfl 

3' 
cp 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1892. 

1893. 

Average. 

Yield 
per  acre. 

r 

cr 

T3 
0> 

"-( 

0* 

Yield 
per  acre. 

r 

cr 

1 

cr 

Yield 
per  acre. 

r 

cr 

•o 
rt> 
H 

cr 

Yield 
per  acre. 

r 

cr 

1 
cr 
a 

Yield 
per  acre. 

r1 

cr 

T3 
<T> 
1 

cr 

Yield 
per  acre. 

en 

i 

cr 

O 

3. 

5 
cr 

CA 

". 
t> 

O 

a; 

5 

cr 
p 

c/; 

3 

j? 

O 

§ 
5 

V 

Gfl 

i 

5? 

0 
•i 

e. 

jj 

cr 

0) 

I 

cr 

O 
3 

3 

cr 

Cfl 

3 

cr 

C 

S. 

5 

cr 

Mar. 

14 
Mar. 
22 

Mar. 
28-31 
Apr. 
4-8 
Apr. 
11-17 
Apr. 
18-21 
Apr. 
25-28 
May 

3-4 

May 

10 

28.5 

28 
28.5 

26.5 
25 

22 
21 

3600 
4600 
5200 
4OOO 
4000 
4100 
3700 

48.1 

41-5 
41.3 

36.3 
33-i 

25 
9-4 

31.8 

3i 
27 
27-3 
26.8 
26.8 

3140 
3390 

2890 
3020 
2740 
2540 

44.1 
45.1 
36-5 
30 
28.1 
19.6 

29.9 
30.5 

28.8 
28 
24.7 
20.9 
24.2 

3870 

3124 
3"3 
3057 
3303 
3186 
1489 

4=.» 
46.  S 
47 
42.3 
35-9 
30.2 

27-7 

28 

27-5 
26.5 
25 
15 

19 

1767 

1520 
1442 
1332 
1482 

1325 

46 

42.4 
47.7 
4i-7 
42-4 
23-9 

34.6 

34-5 
33-4 

2137 

2077 
1805 

55.1 

53-2 
44-2 

5080 

5020 
5040 
5020 

66.3 

56.5 

48.8 

49-4 

29.6 
27 

1652 
1317 

31-5 
15-1 

The  highest  yield  of  grain  upon  the  principle  of  general 
average  is  from  the  sowing  of  April  4th  to  8th,  although  this  date 
was  only  once  successful  in  securing  the  greatest  yield.  Because 
the  greatest  yield  but  once  followed  a  later  seeding,  and  in  every 
other  instance  an  earlier,  it  seems  a  safe  inference  that  the 
tendency  is  decidedly  in  favor  of  a  date  earlier  than  the  general 
average,  rather  than  later. 

Experiment  No.  75.     Depth  of  Sowing. 


For  the  season    1895  the  plan  of  conducting  this  experiment 
was  somewhat  changed  and  different  methods  of  seeding  adopted, 


1 58 


BULLETIN    NO.    41. 


\Marck, 


TABLE  3.     YIELD   OF   OATS   FROM  SEEDING   AT  DIFFERENT  DEPTHS  FOR  six  SUC- 
CESSIVE SEASONS,  1888-93. 


_a 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

Average. 

=• 

Z 

to 

as 

90 

as 

M 

Jji 

SC 

2 

sa 

2; 

po 

25 

90 

o 

n 

o 

n 

re 

O 

re 

o 

re 

o 

re 

o 

n 

M 

o 

p 

0 

P 

0 

P 

P 

p 

p 

p 

T3 
P 

re 

13 
P 

n 

p 

re 

•d 

p 

re 

p 

re 

p 

ri 

-o 

p 

re 

3 

v... 

P 

•-< 

3 

^ 

3 

^ 

3 

»< 

a 

^ 

v^; 

£ 

re 

O 

re 

O 

rt 

O 

n 

0 

re' 

o 

n' 

o 

re" 

3 

re 

pj 

5 

o. 

a 

a. 

re 

p. 

re 

O- 

re 

c- 

8 

&- 

I 

566 

90 

407 

81 

362 

100 

2O5 

69 

179.5 

100 

185.5 

100 

318 

90 

2 

495 

80 

424 

69 

312 

76 

338 

100 

161 

94 

149 

85 

313 

84 

3 

465 

100 

434 

76 

307 

65 

192 

49 

146.5 

85 

121.5 

62 

278 

73 

4 

469 

95 

439 

100 

269 

65 

188 

55 

I7L5 

77 

148 

74 

281 

78 

5 

481 

80 

181 

2Q 

136 

26 

177.  "i 

C.1 

7-1.  c 

38 

2IO 

.(• 

6 

445 

55 

75 

12 

18 

155.5!     63 

I? 

6 

157 

3i 

all  looking  towards  comparatively  shallow  depth.  This  is  the  more 
reasonable  because  the  results  of  previous  experiments  as  shown 
in  Table  3  seem  to  teach  that  deep  seeding  is  unfavorable  to  yield. 


TABLE    4.     THE    YIELD    OF    OATS,   GRAIN    AND    STRAW,    FOLLOWING    DIFFERENT 
METHODS  OF  SEEDING,  1895. 


Flat. 

Method  of  Seeding. 

Straw, 
Ib. 

Grain, 
Ib. 

Grain,  bu. 

Straw  per 
loo  Ib. 
grain. 

Gram  Ib. 
per  bu. 

c 

Broadcast,  harrowed  once  

1560 

l64O 

51.2 

qc 

^o 

6 

Drilled  

1380 

I^4O 

41  -Q 

IO^ 

•IT 

7 

8 

9 

10 

ii 
16 

Broadcast,  disked,  harrowed  once 
Broadcast,  disked,  harrowed  once 
Broadcast,  disked,  harrowed  once 
Broadcast  on  snow,  not  covered. 
Broadcast,  disked,  harrowed  once 
Drilled  

1750 

2I2O 
2O3O 

1610 

22OO 
980 

1290 
1640 
1970 
1350 
1740 
520 

40-3 
5L2 
61.6 
42    2 

54-4 
16.2 

136 
129 
103 
119 
126 
188 

29 
3i 
33 
29  5 
29-5 
27 

The  extremely  low  yields  of  plat  No.  16  make  it  impossible 
to  draw  comparisons  between  broadcasting  and  drilling.  The  yield 
of  plat  No.  10  from  sowing  on  prepared  ground  without  covering 
is  remarkably  suggestive. 


Experiment  No.  84.      Test  of  Varieties. 

The  varieties  in  Table  5  were  raised  upon  land  that  had  grown 
corn  the  previous  season.  It  was  plowed  in  the  fall  before,  harrowed 
once  March  27th,  and  April  4th  all  the  varieties  were  sown  at  the 
rate  of  2^  bu.  per  acre,  excepting  that  on  plats  16  and  18  sowing 
was  deferred  until  April  loth.  In  every  other  respect  the  varieties 
received  the  same  treatment. 


I896.J 


EXPERIMENTS    WITH    OATS,    1895. 


159 


TABLE  5.     CHARACTER  AND  YIELD  OF  DIFFERENT  VARIETIES  OF  OATS,  1895. 


Plat 
No. 

Name  of  variety. 

Weight,  grams. 

Per  cent, 
kernel 
in 
berry. 

Color 
of 
berry. 

Yield  per  acre. 

Lb. 
straw 
per  loo 
Ib.  grain. 

Lb. 
per 

bu 

Berry, 
are. 

kernel, 
ave. 

flail, 

are. 

Straw, 
Ib. 

Grain, 
bu. 

i 

2 

3 
4 

5 
7 
8 
10 
ii 
14 
15 
16 

i? 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
28 
30 
31 
32 

34 

35 

Green  Mountain  .  .  . 
Australian  

3-029 
2.674 
2.966 
2.846 
2.837 

2.122 
2.678 
2.279 
2.803 
2.928 
3-103 
3.170 
2.838 

2.837 
2.941 
2.716 
2.790 
2.362 
2.958 
2.483 
2.528 
2.8II 
2.887 
3-210 

2.622 

2.771 
2.974 

2.560 

2.212 

1.902 

2.182 
1.982 
2.076 
1.603 
1.909 
1.694 

2.080 
2.103 
2.322 

2.403 

2.039 
2.091 

2.177 
1.998 

2.  Ill 

1.716 

2.139 
I  748 
1.  880 
2.075 

2.190 
2.282 
1.821 

2.052 

2.180 
1.703 

.817 
•772 
.784 
.864 
.761 
.519 
•  769 
.585 
•  723 
.825 
.781 
.767 
•799 
.746 
.764 
.718 
.679 
.646 
.819 

•735 
.648 

•  736 
.697 
.928 
.801 
.719 
•794 
•857 

73 
71 
74 
63 
73 
76 
70 
74 
74 
7i 
74 
75 
72 
74 
74 
73 
76 
73 
7i 
70 
75 
74 
75 
7i 
69 

74 
73 
66 

W 
W 
W 
W 
W 
B 
B 
B 
W 
W 
W 
R 
W 
W 
Y 
W 
W 
W 
W 
W 
B 
W 
B 
R 
W 
W 
W 
B 

1630 
1720 
1560 
470 
1810 
1500 
1710 
1540 
1130 

I22O 
770 
640 
480 
IO2O 
1570 
2OIO 
1330 
227O 
1170 
I380 

540 
1060 

IO2O 

775 
1570 
1190 
1330 
1960 

42.8 
33-8 
28.7 

37-2 
26.9 
34-i 
38.1 
28.4 
26.9 
19.7 
26.2 
25 
24-4 
55-9 
42.2 
37-2 
50.3 
16.6 
28.8 

29-4 
21.9 
21.9 
33-3 
25-9 
20.3 
17.2 
33-8 

119 

159 
170 

* 

152 
174 
156 
126 
124 
141 

122 
76 
60 
131 
87 
149 
III 
141 
221 
139 

57 
151 
146 

73 
189 

183 
242 
181 

33 
35-5 

28.5 
* 

30-5 
31-5 
31 
30 
29-5 
3o 
27-5 
28.5 
28.5 
29.5 
33-5 
32-5 
32 
33-5 
29-5 
3° 
28.5 

31-5 
3i 
30 
3" 
29.5 
28 
25-5 

Giant  flag     

Pringle's  progress  .  . 
Negro  wonder  

Black  Russian  

Calearv  eray  .  . 

Pringle's  progress  .  . 
American  banner.  .  . 
Great  northern.    .  .  . 

Texas  red  

Pringle's  progress  .  . 
Pringle's  progress  .  . 
Bonanza  king 
Pringle's  progress  .  . 
White  Maine  

Royal  Doncaster  .  .  . 
Nameless  beauty  .  .  . 
White  German  

Black  prolific    

Pringle's  progress  . 
Texas  rustproof,  .  .  . 
Red  rust  proof  

Early  golden  prolific 
Pringle's  progress  .  . 
Superior  Scotch.  .  .  . 
Mammoth  cluster  .  . 

*Weights  lost. 


TABLE  6.     YIELD  PER  ACRE  OF  VARIETIES  TESTED,  1890-95. 


I 

890. 

I 

891. 

I 

892. 

I 

894. 

I 

895. 

Variety. 

50 
g 

7? 

M 
p 

JO 

§ 

?r 

W 

?d 
P 

9 

7- 

* 

*J 

P 

3 
7T 

C3 
a 

V 

P 

FT 

B 

Texas  rust  proof        .      ... 

I 

£,£,    O 

6 

72    2 

Af     2 

Texas  red  .          

2 

.10    7 

60  8 

68  2 

6 

26    2 

Early  Dakota  

48  8 

•3.8     2 

c6  o 

Pringl"'s  progress  

j.8   i 

2 

1 

28  6 

New  red  rust  proof  

e 

1C 

s 

64  6 

I 

^6  i 

e 

67    I 

Black  Russian              

6 

70  8 

6 

62 

a 

Taoan  .                            

7 

.10.  i 

•3 

75    8 

1  1 

1  1 

60  3 

New  Dakota  gray    

8 

•3.Q.  _1 

I 

8c 

8 

/IT     7 

i 

67  •* 

Black  prolific  

q 

•35  .q 

Q 

68  7 

6 

46  6 

8 

64..  •*, 

•3 

2Q.4 

American  Banner  

IO 

•3.0.6 

• 

T*>  ^ 

A 

48 

6 

64.  4. 

5 

26.  q 

Improved  American.       .  .  . 

II 

25  .  =1 

4 

7C     2 

e 

47    6 

62.  1 

Calgary   gray  

3 

50.4 

2 

67.6 

i 

38-1 

SUMMARY. 

The  experiments  in  oats  herein  recorded  seem  to  indicate: 
That  within   reasonable  limits  thickness  of  seeding  has  little 


160  BULLETIN   NO.  41.  \March, 

influence  upon  yield,  with  a  preference  decided  though  slight  in 
favor  of  2*/2  bushels  per  acre  (Table  i). 

That  from  different  thickness  of  seeding  the  yield  of  grain  and 
its  weight  per  bushel  are  quite  independent  of  the  weight  of  straw 
(Table  I). 

That  the  most  favorable  time  for  sowing  is  the  very  last  of 
March,  with  a  tendency  favoring  an  earlier  date  (Table  2). 

That  yields  of  grain  and  straw  from  seedings  at  different  dates 
fluctuate  more  nearly  together,  than  do  those  from  different  rates 
of  seeding  (Tables  I  and  2). 

That  comparatively  shallow  seeding  is  necessary  (Table  3). 

That  maximum  yields  may  be  had  with  medium  weights  of 
straw. 

That  the  low  yields  of  the  season  of  1895  are  due  to  the 
remarkably  dry  season  (Tables  5  and  6,  and  Meteorological  Record, 

p.  148). 

EUGENE  DAVENPORT,  M.  AGK.,  Agriculturist. 
W.  J.  FRASER,  B.  S. 


180.]  EXPERIMENTS    WITH    OATS,    1895.  l6l 

ORGANIZATION. 


BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES,  UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

NELSON  W.  GRAHAM,  Carbondale,  President. 
JOHN  P.  ALTGELD,  Springfield,  Governor  of  Illinois. 
JAMES  \V.  JUDY,  Tallula,  President  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
S  \MUEL  M.  INGLIS,  Springfield,  Superintendent  Public  Instruction. 
RICHARD  P.  MORGAN,  Dwight.  ISAAC  S.  RAYMOND,  Sidney. 

DR.  JULIA  H.  SMITH.  Chicago.  SAMUEL  A.  BULLARD,  Springfield. 

NAPOLEON  B.  MORRISON,  Odin.  ALEXANDER  McLEAN,  Macomb. 

JAMES  E.  ARMSTRONG.  Chicago.  MRS.  LUCY  L.  FLOWER,  Chicago. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTION,  EXPERIMENT  STATION. 

THOMAS    |.   BURRILL,  PH.!).,  Urbana,  Prof,  of  Botany  and  Horticulture,  President. 
E.  E.  CHESTER,  Champaign,  of  State  Board  of-Agriculture. 

E.  A.  RIEHL,  Alton,  of  State  Horticultural  Society. 
H.  B.  GURLER,  DeKalb,  of  State  Dairymen's  Association. 

N.  B.  MORRISON,  Odin,  Trustee  of  the  University. 

ISAAC  S.  RAYMOND,  Sidney,  Trustee  of  the  University. 

ANDREW  S.  DRAPER,  LL.D..  President  of  the  University. 

STEPHEN  A.  FORBES,  PH.D.,  Urbana,  Professor  of  Zoology. 

ETGENE  DAVENPORT,  M.S.,  Urbana,  Professor  of  Animal  Husbandry. 

THE  STATION  STAFF. 

THOMAS   J.    BURRILL,    PH.D.,    Horticulturist   and    Botanist,    President    Board    of 

Direction. 

WILLIAM  L.  PILLSBURY,  A.M.,  Urbana,  Secretary. 

EUGENE  DAVENPORT,  M.S.,  Agriculturist. 

CYRIL  GEORGE  HOPKINS,  M.S.,  Chemist. 

STEPHEN  A.  FORBES,  PH.D.,  Consulting  Entomologist. 

DONALD  McINTOSH,  V.S.,  Consulting  Veterinarian. 

GEORGE  W.  McCLUER.  M.S.,  Assistant  Horticulturist. 

GEORGE  P.  CLINTON,  M.S.,  Assistant  Botanist. 

WILL  A.  POWERS,  B.S..  Assistant  Chemist. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


